Why is it difficult to see near? Surgical treatment of myopia

Only an oculist can guide a patient to surgical correction of vision after conducting a detailed examination which includes: checking visual acuity, examining the fundus of the eye, ultrasound of the eye, evaluation of the state of the retina, etc.

Scleroplasty

The rapid growth of the body and a significant visual load accelerate the development of myopia. With myopia, the eyeball increases by a few millimeters compared with the norm - and the more this increase, the more myopia is. To stop the pathological enlargement of the eyeball, accompanied by the progression of myopia, an operation is performed - scleroplasty.

Scleroplasty is necessary if myopia progresses during the year by 1 - 1.5 diopters. The operation can be performed on an outpatient basis, its duration is from five to fifteen minutes. Sometimes scleroplasty is performed simultaneously on both eyes or combined with other operations on the eyeball.

During scleroplasty, strips (or injections) of biological materials (collagen, silicone, mercyline, lavsan, capron, etc.) are inserted into the eyeball. As a result, the sclera thickens, a kind of new tissue forms, and this kind of bandage in the back section of the eye holds the eyeball, preventing it from increasing in length. Over time, the vessels grow into these materials, and the eye begins to receive more blood and nutrients than before scleroplasty.

Keratotomy

One method of correcting myopia is keratotomy.

In the course of this operation on the cornea, incision marks are made. As a result, under the influence of intraocular pressure, the cornea becomes flatter and its refractive power decreases. The number and depth of cuts are calculated in advance using special computer programs for each patient individually - depending on the degree of myopia, age, professional needs, and the anatomical features of the eye.

This technique allows quite successfully correcting myopia within 3-5 diopters per operation. In addition, this operation in some cases eliminates congenital and post-traumatic astigmatism.

In addition to the above methods, laser vision correction using PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) and LASIK (laser keratomilelosis) is used for myopia.

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In modern people, especially office workers, the eyes are probably the most actively working body. What to do if you began to see worse?

Texts of business papers, a computer monitor, and in the evening a television screen - with a similar load, the vision is really rapidly deteriorating. Why do eyes become worse to see and can this process become? Experts say that everything largely depends on our desire.

Reason 1

The muscles of the eyes do not work. The image of objects visible by us depends on the eye - its photosensitive shell, and also on changes in curvature - the natural ophthalmic lens, which certain muscles cause to become flatter, more convex, which depends on the distance to the object in question. If the object is always at the same distance (text book or computer screen), then the muscles that control the lens of the lens weaken. Like any muscles that do not work, they lose their shape.

Conclusion. For good vision, in the distance and near it is necessary to constantly train the eye muscles, regularly performing the following exercise: to focus your eyes alternately on distant and close objects.

Reason 2

Age-related retinal changes. In the cells of the retina contains a photosensitive pigment, giving us the opportunity to see. With age, there is a destruction of this pigment and visual acuity, respectively, decreases.

Conclusion. By slowing down the aging process of the body, it is possible to slow down the aging of the retina. And for this you need to regularly eat foods with vitamin A - carrots, meat, milk, fish, eggs. However, vitamin A dissolves and works only in fat, in this connection it is better to fill carrot salad with sour cream or sunflower oil. It is necessary from time to time to afford fatty meat and fish. Milk is better to drink medium fat. Special substances that restore the visual pigment are contained in fresh blueberries. Therefore, in the summer you should pamper yourself with it and stock up on berries for the whole winter.

Reason 3

Worsened blood flow. Nutrition and respiration of the body cells is carried out with the help of blood to them. The retina is a tender organ, suffering from the slightest disturbance of blood circulation. Actually, circulatory disorders and try to see the ophthalmologists, exploring.

Conclusion. Trips to the ophthalmologist should be done regularly. After all, circulatory disorders of the retina entail serious diseases. With the existing predisposition to them, the doctor will prescribe drugs to improve the condition of the vessels. There are also certain diets, by adhering to which, it is possible to normalize the blood circulation to keep the vessels in good condition. It would also be useful to keep your vessels safe: trips to the steam room or sauna, procedures in the pressure chamber, and other pressure drops should be avoided.

Reason 4

Eye strain. The retina of the eye suffers, and when it gets too bright light, and when working in low light conditions.

Conclusion. Protecting the photosensitive cells of the retina, you need not only to use sunglasses, but also not to strain your eyes in case of insufficient light. Reading in transport is also very harmful, here, to the uneven light, a wiggle is added, which makes the visual process very difficult.

Reason 5

Dry eyes. Clear vision is impossible without the purity of transparent shells that transmit light rays reflected from objects. The mucous eyes are washed by the tear fluid, so when the eyes are dry, the person sees worse.

Conclusion. For better visual acuity, it is useful to cry at times. And when you do not want to cry, you can use special drops for the eyes, similar in composition to a natural tear.

The main enemy is the screen

Especially our eyes are forced to strain work with the computer. And the point here is not in the text. The human eye is very similar to the camera. And in order to get a clear "snapshot" of the screen image consisting of twinkling dots, it must constantly change. Such a setup requires a huge expenditure of energy and makes the overuse of visual pigment rhodopsin perform. At the same time, myopic spend significantly more of this pigment than people with normal vision. Of course, this situation is extremely unfavorable to the eyes. It is not surprising that in this case its degree may develop or increase.

It is especially dangerous that the computer monitor creates a sense of depth of the image. Why do artists of myopia almost never happen? Because their eyes are constantly trained, because you have to look from a sheet or canvas to a distant object. For this reason, and when working on a computer, you should not forget about the rules for working with text.

Specialists Research Institute of Eye Diseases. Helmholtz in Moscow recommends "computer glasses", which are equipped with special filters that approximate the color characteristics of computer screens to the spectral sensitivity of a human eye. Such glasses can be, and with diopters, and without. Eyes in these glasses get tired much less.

For the training of view, the following technique is also very useful. Taking a sheet of printed text, you need to slowly bring it closer to the eyes, until the letter shape does not lose clarity. When this occurs, the tension of the internal muscles of the eyes. And when the text is slowly moved away without ceasing to look at it, they relax. Repeating this exercise for 2-3 minutes will give your eyes the necessary exercise and release the tension.

It is especially necessary to treat the eyes when the long winter weeks of “light starvation” have depleted their visual strength, and because of the spring avitaminosis, new forces have not yet been accumulated. At this time, the retina of the eye especially needs additional nutrition, because it has to expend significantly more visual pigment. In this case, blueberry preparations will come to the rescue, which, in the form of jam, was given to pilots of the Royal Air Force of Great Britain during World War II, in order to improve their vision for night flights.

Eye exercises

1. Close your eyes tightly and then open your eyes wide. Make 5-6 sets of exercises at half-minute intervals.

2. Without turning your head, look up, down and sideways. Make 3 sets with an interval of 2 minutes. Complicate the exercises by doing the same by closing your eyes.

3. Turn your eyes in a circle: up, left, down, right and back. Make 3 sets with an interval of 2 minutes. Close your eyes and repeat the exercise.

4. Close your eyes tightly for 5 seconds, then open your eyes for 5 seconds. Make at least 6 approaches.

5. Blink quickly for at least a minute.

6. At a distance of a meter or two from the desktop, it is useful to hang a bright calendar or another bright picture in a well-lit place so that during work from time to time it is possible to translate a glance at it.

7. Extend a hand forward and focus on the fingertips, examine them for at least 3-5 seconds. Run 10-12 approaches.

8. Going to the window, you need to look at the glass with a point or a scratch (it is easier to glue a piece of adhesive tape or tape), then look at the distance from this mark, for example, at a television antenna in front of the house or a branch of a tree growing away. Perform the exercise for at least 7 minutes.

By the way